On Link English We will give you the notes of important topics only , Make sure to revise these before Exam.
1. Arranging Words in Alphabetical Order
In dictionaries words are listed according to their first letter. When you are looking for the word ‘astronaut’, you have to start from ‘a’ at the top of page of the dictionary. Then you have to turn over the page having ‘a s’, then’ ‘a s t’, ‘a s t r’.... respectively. This is called alphabetical order.
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order:
pole, poky, polka, poker, poke, polaroid
= poke, poker, poky, polaroid, pole, polka
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
phone, picture, piece, picnic, phrase, pirate
= phone, phrase, picnic, picture, piece, pirate
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order:
Neutralize, Notorious, Narcotic, Nebula, Neutral
= Narcotic, Nebula, Neutral, Neutralize, Notorious
Arrange the following words alphabetical order:
misery, missing, mistake, miserable, missionary, mishap.
= miserable, misery, mishap, missing, missionary, mistake
2. Complete the following sentences by writing an correct letter in each space.
(a) Choice comes before choose because…....comes before.….in the alphabet.
(b) Deference comes before ‘different because…....comes before…...in the alphabet.
(c) Examination comes before ‘examine’ because .….comes before .....in the alphabet.
(d) Disappear comes before disappoint because ..…comes before…..in the alphabet.
(e) ‘Mainly’ comes before ‘many’ because…..comes before ……in the alphabet.
Answers:
(a) Because ‘i’ comes before ‘o’ in the alphabet.
(b) Because ‘e’ comes before ‘i’ in the alphabet.
(c) Because ‘a’ comes before ‘i’ in the alphabet.
(d) Because ‘e’ comes before ‘o’ in the alphabet.
(e) Because ‘i’ comes before ‘n’ in the alphabet.
3. Dictionary Quarters
First quarter: It contains the words begin with the letters A – D
Second quarter: it contains the words begin with the letters E – L
Third quarter: It contains the words begin with the letters M – R
Fourth quarter: It contains the cords begin with the letters S – Z
In which quarter of the dictionary will you find the following words?
(a) fence , (b) picture , (c) until , (d) benefit
Answers:
fence = 2nd quarter
picture = 3rd quarter
until = 4th quarter
benefit = 1st quarter
4. Head Words & Guide Words
Those words between which you can find your head word are called guide words. Guide words are situated at the top of every page of dictionary.
Choose the Guide words for each Head words
(a) wither ( wise/witness ), ( witter/wood )
(b) ghee ( gesture/get ), ( getaway/giddy )
(c) pinch ( pilot/ping ), ( pink/pit)
Answers:
(a) wither-( wise/witness )
(b) ghee-( getaway/giddy )
(c) pinch-( pilot/ping )
5. Present Participle and Past Participle
Past Participle Present Participle
admit admitted admitting
clean cleaned cleaning
develop developed developing
drop dropped dropping
enter entered entering
grab grabbed grabbing
grin grinned grinning
hug hugged hugging
occur occurred occurring
offer offered offering
permit permitted permitting
prefer preferred preferring
sip sipped sipping
stop stopped stopping
wrap wrapped wrapping
some other important words are
eat eaten eating
eat eaten eating
sing sung singing
let let letting
sew sewn sewing
go gone going
run run running
read read reading
6.Words often Confused
Effect and Affect
Effect is a noun but Affect is a verb
e.g. His death had a terrible effect on her
Marry was greatly affected by her father’s death.
Advice and Advise
Advice is a noun but Advise is a verb
e.g. I would strongly advise you to use the dictionary
We should follow teacher's advice.
Practice and Practise
Practice is a noun but Practise is a verb
e.g. My doctor has a private practice.
You should practise hard to be a topper.
Stationary and Stationery
Stationary means rest but Stationery means the place where you get books and etc.
e.g. Anuradha runs a stationery shop.
You should get out of bus when it get stationary.
Diary and Dairy
Diary means a note to write but Dairy means to a place where you can get milk and dairy products.
e.g. Butter,cheese and milk all are dairy products.
I write everyday on my Diary.
Goal and Gaol
Goal means score in games but Gaol means jail.
e.g. He score a goal in football match.
He was sent to gaol for two years.
Rise and Raise
Something raises something but Something rises
e.g. He raises his hand.
Sun rises from east.
Eligible and Illegible
Eligible means to be qualified but illegible means difficult to understand.
e.g. He is eligible for the job.
His handwriting is illegible.
Loose and lose
Loose means not tight but Lose means loss of something.
e.g. There were loose papers on table.
They lose the game.
Principle and Principal
Principle mans formula or idea but Principal refers to the head of school.
e.g. When will the new principal take his responsibility?
We studied the Newton's principle in class 10.
Stole and Robbed
Small things are stole but bigger things are robbed
e.g. They stole his purse.
They robbed the bank.
Died and Killed
Died comes after noun but killed comes after auxiliary verb.
e.g. He died in a car accident.
He was killed in a car accident.
Recommendation and Accommodation
Recommendation means someone giving you idea but accommodation means place to stay when you visit somewhere.
e.g. Your Recommendation help me to find a job.
Are there good accommodations in New York.?
Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct words from the pair given in the brackets.
(a) Someone rules and regulations will come into (effect, affect) from the coming year.
(b) Your handwriting is (illegible, eligible) to understand.
(c) There were a few (loose, lose) sheets of paper over there.
(d) The students are(taking, giving)the HSEB examination.
Answers:
(a) Some new rules and regulations will come into effect from the coming year.
(b) Your handwriting is illegible to understand.
(c) There were a few loose sheets of paper over there.
(d) The students are taking the HSEB examination.
7. Dictionary Entry
1. Read the following dictionary entry and answer the question about it.
great /greIt/ adj. 1. [usually attrib] very large, much bigger than average in size. He lived a great age. 2. of excellent quality of ability; outstanding; a great man. 3. (infml.) wonderful, very good.
Questions:
(a) What does adj. mean?
(b) In above dictionary entry, what is the headword?
(c) Does the following sentence come from definition 1, 2, or 3?
" The greater part of the district is flooded."
Answers:
(a) adjective
(b) great
(c) from the first definition.
8.Sentences and Questions Formation
Put the following words in correct order to give meaningful sentences.
(a) carefully/I/more/he/than/write/does
(b) his/to/dinner/started/just/eat/he/has
(c) robbery/did/take/place/where/the ?
(d) poor/the/beautiful/was/he/girl/although/wanted/marry/miller/to/the
(e) many/studying/we/compulsory English/years/for /have/been.
(f) of/he/tea/her/him/cup/asked/give/a/to
(g) tall/hair/is/brown/he/short/very/with
Answers:
(a) I write more carefully than he does.
(b) He has just started to eat his dinner.
(c) Where did the robbery take place?
(d) Although he was poor, the beautiful girl wanted to marry the miller.
(e) We have been studying compulsory English for many Years.
(f) He asked her to give him a cup of tea.
(g) He is very tall with short and brown hair.
[Note: length/size comes first than color ]
9. Words Formation
Prefix: By adding -- un, en, im, in, dis etc.
happy — unhappy
possible — impossible
like — dislike
Suffix: By adding -- ment, able, er, est, less, ness etc.
large — larger
develop — development
replace — replaceable
Add appropriate prefix or suffix in the following words.
(a) usual , (b) satisfied , (c) child , (d) do , (e) happy , (f) loyal
Answers:
(a) unusual
(b) unsatisfied
(c) childish
(d) undo
(e) unhappy
(f) disloyal
10.Tense Correction
Note :: before coming this section you must know all tense's structures and the conditions of all tenses.
Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs in brackets.
(a) we (get) up at 5:30 this morning.
(b) we (get) up at 4:30 yesterday morning.
(c) Time and tide (wait) for none.
(d) When does the new routine (come) into effect?
(e) We (have) our meal at collage when we were at collage.
(f) Listen! someone (knock) at the gate.
(g) Slow and Steady (win) the race.
(h) If I (be) you, I would do better.
Answers
(a) we get up at 5:30 this morning.
(b) we got up at 4:30 yesterday morning.
(c) Time and tide waits for none.
(d) When does the new routine come into effect?
(e) We had our meal at collage when we were at collage.
(f) Listen! someone is knocking at the gate.
(g) Slow and Steady wins the race.
(h) If I were you, I would do better.
11. Dialogues
Make a dialogue between two friends about the marriage of one's relative.
(Ram and Hari are two close friends of a collage. When it is a tiffin time, they go to the canteen of the collage and start talking in their own way.)
Ram: Is your sister ill? She isn’t coming collage these days.
Hari: No, she isn’t. She’s got married
Ram: Really! I didn’t know about that. Why didn’t she invite me?
Hari: As decision was made quickly, only few guests were invited.
Ram: When was it?
Hari: The day before yesterday
Ram: I had gone to your house that day, but it was locked
Hari: The wedding took place in a temple.
Ram: Oh! I see. Why is she getting married so early?
Hari: It was my father’s decision.
Ram: Will she continue her studies after her wedding?
Hari: Yes I think so.
Ram: I’m in a hurry today. Good-bye. See you tomorrow.
Hari: okay Good-bye.
Write a dialogue between two friends on future plan of life.
( Sharmin and Sujon are two close friends ,they are talking about their future plans at Sujon's home. )
Sharmin: Hello Sujon! How are you?
Sujon: I am fine. What about you?
Sharmin: I am fine too. I am very glad at your brilliant result in the SLC examination. Would you please tell me about your future plan of life?
Sujon: Yes, I have already made up my mind to study law.
Sharmin: I see. But why do you want to study law? Is there any specific reason?
Sujon: Yes, of course. I would like to join politics after completing my studies. to remove all kinds of corruptions and injustice from society. But it is really a difficult task to become a leader.
Sharmin: but i know you will make it one day.
Sujon: Thank you and tell me what will you study now?
Sharmin: I will study Computer Science .
Sujon: wow, that's a good choice.you have better knowledge of computer don't you?
Sharmin: Yes i do. I think i should leave now, i have some work at market.
Sujon: okay ,thanks for visiting ,see you later, bye.
Sharmin: okay bye.
12. Writing Descriptive Paragraph
Write a paragraph describing what is happening in the exam hall.
Exam Hall
At the ringing of the first bell examiners enter the examination hall and occupy their seats. Supervisor distributes answer sheets. They are told about the instructions of the exam . They also warned against using any kind of unfair things or cheats.
As the second rings supervisors distribute the question paper. Now there is a complete silence in the examination hall. Students are busy in writing answers to questions. Some are looking uneasy as they are unable to answer any question. They are making some efforts either to copy from their friends or from some outside help. A student is caught red handed cheating and his answer sheet is taken from him and a case is registered. He is provided a new answer sheet to answer the question. No student is allowed to leave the examination hall before half time. After three hours bell rings again and supervisor is collecting the answer sheets.
13.Writing a Paragraph
Write a paragraph on a street accident.
A Street Accident
A street accident is a regular process in the highways and cities of our country. Every year it kills hundreds of lives. The indirect effect of this invisible monster is the suffering of hundreds of thousands of other people who are family members of those victims. A number of factors are responsible for this mishap including the careless of drivers, the working of a driver over too long a time, the bad conditions of the streets, and most importantly, the indirect competition between the drivers.
In Nepal, every day we find the news of road accident in our daily newspapers and the screen of television. It really makes us very shocked. Last month I faced such type of pathetic road accident. It occurred in East-West Highway near Biratchowk bus stand. When I was standing on the road and waiting for the bus. Then I saw a little boy who was trying to cross the busy road. When he was crossing the road at that time a bus was coming towards him with a great speed. But within a short time, it ran over the body of the boy and at once the boy was seriously injured. After sometimes when he was taken to the hospital, the doctor declared him death. Really, it made me more hurt and I cannot forget it easily. This is just an example many people have lost their family friend and relatives on road accident. I wish one day the rate of road accident became zero .
In Nepal, every day we find the news of road accident in our daily newspapers and the screen of television. It really makes us very shocked. Last month I faced such type of pathetic road accident. It occurred in East-West Highway near Biratchowk bus stand. When I was standing on the road and waiting for the bus. Then I saw a little boy who was trying to cross the busy road. When he was crossing the road at that time a bus was coming towards him with a great speed. But within a short time, it ran over the body of the boy and at once the boy was seriously injured. After sometimes when he was taken to the hospital, the doctor declared him death. Really, it made me more hurt and I cannot forget it easily. This is just an example many people have lost their family friend and relatives on road accident. I wish one day the rate of road accident became zero .
